ABSTRACT
Abstract: The approach to children with anogenital warts in the context of sexual abuse is a challenge in clinical practice. This study aims to review the current knowledge of anogenital warts in children, the forms of transmission, and the association with sexual abuse and to propose a cross-sectional approach involving all medical specialties. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in Portuguese and English from January 2000 to June 2016 using the ISI Web of Knowledge and PubMed databases. Children aged 12 years or younger were included. The ethical and legal aspects were consulted in the Declaration and Convention on the Rights of Children and in the World Health Organization. Non-sexual and sexual transmission events of human papillomavirus in children have been well documented. The possibility of sexual transmission appears to be greater in children older than 4 years. In the case of anogenital warts in children younger than 4 years of age, the possibility of non-sexual transmission should be strongly considered in the absence of another sexually transmitted infection, clinical indicators, or history of sexual abuse. The importance of human papillomavirus genotyping in the evaluation of sexual abuse is controversial. A detailed medical history and physical examination of both the child and caregivers are critical during the course of the investigation. The likelihood of an association between human papillomavirus infection and sexual abuse increases directly with age. A multidisciplinary clinical approach improves the ability to identify sexual abuse in children with anogenital warts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Child Abuse, Sexual , Condylomata Acuminata/diagnosis , Condylomata Acuminata/etiology , Condylomata Acuminata/therapy , Condylomata Acuminata/virology , Anus Diseases/diagnosis , Anus Diseases/etiology , Anus Diseases/therapy , Anus Diseases/virology , Prognosis , Papillomavirus Infections/complicationsABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as atitudes da população portuguesa em relação à homoparentalidade. Participaram 993 pessoas com idades entre os 18 e os 69 anos (M=34; DP=11), respondendo a um questionário que incluiu uma vinheta descrevendo um casal heterossexual, um casal de lésbicas ou um casal gay que pretendia adotar. Foi pedido aos participantes que avaliassem os casais enquanto futuros pais, e se antecipavam dificuldades emocionais e sociais no desenvolvimento da criança. Apesar da maioria dos participantes apresentar uma atitude favorável à homoparentalidade, os resultados revelaram uma atitude mais favorável em relação ao casal heterossexual. Os participantes anteciparam mais problemas emocionais e sociais nas crianças adotadas por um casal de duas mulheres, e mais ainda por um casal de dois homens...
The aim of this study was to explore Portuguese population attitude toward parenting by gay men and lesbians. Nine hundred ninety three participants, aged between 18 and 69 (M=34; SD=11), filled in a questionnaire that included a vignette depicting a heterosexual couple, a lesbian couple or a gay couple wishing to adopt. Participants were asked to rate the couple as prospective parents, and if they anticipated emotional or social problems for the children. Although most participants held a positive attitude toward gay and lesbian parents, the results revealed a more favorable attitude toward heterosexual couples. Participants anticipated more emotional and social problems in children adopted by a lesbian couple, and even more so by a gay couple...